Body Condition, Cachexia and Nutritional Management in Dogs and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease and Heart Failure

This lecture will explore how body weight, Body Condition Score (BCS) and Muscle Condition Score (MCS) can influence clinical outcome and long-term management in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease and heart failure. It will examine the concepts of cachexia and the obesity paradox, and discuss their relevance to prognosis, quality of life and everyday decision-making in practice. Particular attention will be given to the nutritional challenges commonly encountered in renal and cardiac patients, including maintenance of adequate energy intake, preservation of muscle mass, support of appetite, and the balance between disease-specific dietary requirements and overall nutritional status. The lecture will also highlight key nutrients and practical monitoring strategies that can help clinicians optimise nutritional support in chronic patients.